Ultima

Ultima was created by veteran game designer Robert Abbott and published in Recreational Mathematics Magazine in August 1962. As yet it did not have a name. Abbott later included it in his 1963 book "Abbott's New Card Games" under the title of 'Ultima'. In his 1968 edition, he added a rule to patch up what he perceived to be a flaw in the game. This rule limited the number of squares that a piece could move: A piece on the Nth rank could move no more than N squares.

Ultima soon became popular in chess-variant circles and was said to be played even in the Kriegspiel fashion. It was most popular with the postal-chess club NOST (Knights of the Square Table) and its Italian cousin AISE. Both NOST and AISE use the original 1963 rules, which are now considered the norm. Between 1985 and '87, a three-part article on Ultima was written for World Game Review by the leading NOST player, Dr. Paul Yearout. Robert Abbott later contributed an article in '88 voicing what he considered to be wrong with the game. Yearout and other leading players, however, do not share Abbott's critical views. Both NOST-Algia (NOST's bimonthly bulletin) and Eteroscacco (AISE's newsletter) have published many sample games of Ultima.

Rules

Setup

Although most of the pieces in Ultima are different than those found in Chess, it was originally designed to be played with a Chess set. This chart tells what the pieces are and which Chess piece is used to represent each one:

• King (K), represented by the King.
• Withdrawer (W), represented by the Queen.
• Chameleon (X), represented by the Bishop.
• Long Leaper (L), represented by the Knight.
• Coordinator (C), represented by the Rook.
• Immobilizer (I), represented by the inverted Rook.
• Pincer Pawn (P), represented by the Pawn.

With computer graphics, though, we have not been limited to using the Chess pieces. You may use the buttons above this Interactive Diagram to switch to different piece sets that have been designed or put together with Ultima in mind.

pieces are tramplers

White:
King d1; Withdrawer (Queen) e1; Coordinator (Rook) h1; Immobiliser (Reversed rook) a1; Long Leaper (Knight) b1, g1; Chameleon (Bishop) c1, f1; Pawn a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2, h2.

Black:
King d8; Withdrawer (Queen) e8; Coordinator (Rook) h8; Immobiliser (Reversed rook) a8; Long Leaper (Knight) b8, g8; Chameleon (Bishop) c8, f8; Pawn a7, b7, c7, d7, e7, f7, g7, h7.

The Ultima array differs from the Orthodox array in the following ways:

• The positions of the white King and Queen (white King and Withdrawer) are reversed.
• The Rooks on a1 and h8 (Immobilizers) are placed upside-down.

Whites pieces are, from left to right: Immobilizer, Long Leaper, Chameleon, King, Withdrawer, Chameleon, Long Leaper, Coordinator.

Alternate Pieces

Moves

/ The Withdrawer moves passively as an Orthodox Queen. In order to capture, the Withdrawer must occupy a square adjacent to an enemy piece. To complete the capture, it must move one-or-more squares directly away from the enemy piece. For example, a Withdrawer moving from d2 to g2 captures only an enemy piece at c2 (not c3/d3/e3/c1/d1/e1). A Withdrawer may never move to an occupied square.

/ Pawns move as Orthodox Rooks and perform custodial captures only. For example, a Pawn captures an enemy piece by moving adjacent to it in a manner that completes a straight line consisting of (1) Pawn, (2) enemy piece, (3) friendly piece. Thus, it is possible for a Pawn to capture three pieces in a single move. A Pawn may never move to an occupied square. Animated Illustration.

/ The Long Leaper moves as an Orthodox Queen and captures by overtaking. It takes possession of a single intervening piece by leaping to a vacant square somewhere beyond it. It may capture additional pieces, along the same line, if a vacant 'landing square' lies somewhere beyond each enemy piece. A Long Leaper may never jump over a friendly piece, jump over adjacent pieces, or move to an occupied square. Animated Illustration.

/ The Immobilizer moves as an Orthodox Queen but does not capture. An enemy piece standing adjacent to an Immobilizer may not move while the Immobilizer is present. Black and white Immobilizers, occupying adjacent squares, are each frozen until the other is captured. An immobilized piece may 'commit suicide' by removing itself from the board (usually to open a line of attack). This counts as a move for the player removing the piece. The Immobilizer may never move to an occupied square. Animated Illustration.

/ The Coordinator moves as an Orthodox Queen but captures by 'coordinating' with the King. Upon completing its move, the Coordinator may remove an enemy piece with which (1) it shares a file, and (2) its King shares a rank (or vice versa). Thus, it is possible for a Coordinator to capture two pieces at once. (e.g.: King at a3, Coordinator moves to c7 and captures pieces at a7 and/or c3.) The Coordinator may never move to any occupied square. Animated Illustration.

/ The Chameleon moves passively as an Orthodox Queen. To capture, it mimics the powers of its intended victim. For example, it 'pinches' Pawns (when moving as a Rook), withdraws from Withdrawers, leaps over Long Leapers, and coordinates Coordinators. By the same token, an enemy King standing adjacent to a Chameleon is considered in check. Chameleons can freeze Immobilizers but cannot capture them. Animated Illustration.

Object of the game

Link

• Logic Mazes (Robert Abbott's Webpages) (Link.)

Feb 2000: Alternate piece graphics added by David Howe.
Feb 2000: Details on the 1968 rule change added by David Howe.
March 2000: David Howe added links to annimated illustrations.
June 2000: David Howe fixed initial setup diagram (Queen and King were switched) (thanks Ed Friedlander).
November 2001: Ultima is our Recognized Variant of the month. Thanks to John William Brown for re-editing this page for the occasion.